Polyps (uterine/cervical)

Uterine and Cervical Polyps: Understanding Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

If you’ve been told you have a uterine or cervical polyp, you may feel concerned — but the good news is that most polyps are benign (non-cancerous) and highly treatable.

At Happiher, we offer expert, personalised care for women experiencing symptoms from polyps — or who have been diagnosed and need safe, minimally invasive treatment. If you’re seeking a private gynaecologist in London for polyp diagnosis or removal, expert help is available.

What Are Uterine and Cervical Polyps?

Polyps are small, soft, usually benign growths that develop from the lining of the womb (endometrium) or the cervix (the neck of the womb).

• Uterine polyps (endometrial polyps) grow inside the uterus.

• Cervical polyps grow on the cervix or protrude into the vagina.

While most polyps are benign, some can become cancerous over time, making it important to monitor and manage them appropriately.

They can vary in size — from a few millimetres to several centimetres — and may occur singly or in clusters.

Introduction to Uterine Polyps

Uterine polyps, also known as endometrial polyps, are growths that form on the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. These polyps can vary in size, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters, and are typically noncancerous. However, in some cases, they can become cancerous or develop into cancer over time. Uterine polyps are a common condition, particularly affecting women who are going through or have completed menopause. Symptoms of uterine polyps can include irregular menstrual bleeding, heavy periods, and unexpected vaginal bleeding. If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Types of Cervical Polyps

Cervical polyps are growths that occur on the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. There are two main types of cervical polyps: endocervical polyps, which develop on the inner surface of the cervix, and ectocervical polyps, which form on the outer surface. These polyps can be caused by chronic inflammation, infection, or hormonal changes. Women who develop cervical polyps may experience symptoms such as light bleeding, heavy periods, or irregular menstrual bleeding. If you notice any unusual bleeding or other symptoms, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Symptoms of Uterine and Cervical Polyps

Many polyps cause no symptoms and are discovered during routine scans or gynaecological exams. In most cases, polyps do not cause symptoms and are discovered during routine scans or gynecological exams. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Irregular or unpredictable bleeding between periods

• Heavier or longer menstrual bleeding

• Bleeding after sex

• Bleeding after menopause

• Watery or unusual vaginal discharge

• Pelvic cramping or discomfort (less common)

Because polyp symptoms overlap with other gynaecological conditions (like fibroids or endometrial hyperplasia), expert evaluation is important.

What Causes Polyps?

The exact cause isn’t always clear, but factors thought to contribute include:

• Hormonal fluctuations (especially high oestrogen levels)

• Perimenopause and menopause

• Chronic inflammation of the cervix or uterus

• Obesity

• Certain medications (e.g., tamoxifen)

Polyps are more common as women get older, particularly in their 40s and 50s.

Risk Factors for Polyp Development

Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing polyps, including uterine polyps, cervical polyps, and colon polyps. A family history of polyps or cancer, such as familial adenomatous polyposis or Lynch syndrome, can significantly raise your risk. Other risk factors include inflammatory bowel disease, tobacco use, and a history of breast cancer. Women who are overweight or obese are also at a higher risk of developing uterine polyps. Additionally, a history of heavy periods or irregular menstrual bleeding can make women more likely to develop cervical polyps. Understanding these risk factors can help in taking proactive steps to monitor and manage your health.

How Are Uterine and Cervical Polyps Diagnosed?

At Happiher, a careful and accurate diagnosis is the first step to planning the right treatment.

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Pelvic examination (to detect visible cervical polyps)

• Transvaginal ultrasound to visualise the uterus and lining

• Saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) to highlight polyps inside the womb

• Hysteroscopy (direct visualisation of the uterine cavity using a thin camera)

Hysteroscopy is often the gold standard for diagnosing and treating uterine polyps in the same procedure.

In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to determine the nature of the polyps and to check for any cancerous changes.

Are Polyps Dangerous?

Most uterine and cervical polyps are benign. However:

• A small percentage may show precancerous changes (especially after menopause)

• Polyps can contribute to fertility problems by interfering with embryo implantation

• They can cause troublesome bleeding that impacts quality of life

Polyps can sometimes develop into cancerous growths, similar to the way cancer cells multiply and spread.

This is why removal and histological examination (checking under a microscope) is often recommended.

Treatment Options for Polyps

At Happiher, we offer modern, minimally invasive treatments tailored to your situation and goals.

Treatment options include:

Watchful Waiting

Small, symptom-free polyps may be monitored, particularly in premenopausal women. Noncancerous polyps may be monitored without immediate intervention, especially if they are small and symptom-free.

Polyp Removal (Polypectomy)

• Hysteroscopic polypectomy: using a thin camera inserted through the cervix, polyps can be removed under direct vision without any cuts or stitches.

In some cases, surgery may be necessary for larger polyps or cases with multiple polyps.

• Outpatient polypectomy: for smaller cervical polyps, removal can sometimes be done in a clinic setting without anaesthetic.

Histology

Removed polyps are sent for laboratory analysis to ensure they are benign. Polyps can be connected by a thin stalk, which may be examined during histological analysis to determine their nature.

At Happiher, Dr Kaur specialises in hysteroscopic and minimally invasive techniques, ensuring gentle, effective treatment with minimal recovery time.

Recovery After Polyp Removal

Polyp removal is usually straightforward:

• Light bleeding or cramping may occur for a few days

• Most women can return to work and normal activities the next day

• The body typically recovers quickly after polyp removal, with most women able to return to normal activities the next day.

• Avoiding heavy exercise or intercourse for about a week is often recommended

Follow-up will depend on the size, type, and histology results of the polyp.

Polyps and Fertility

In women trying to conceive, polyps can sometimes interfere with embryo implantation or increase miscarriage risk. Removing polyps before fertility treatment or natural conception attempts can improve pregnancy outcomes for women trying to get pregnant.

At Happiher, we integrate fertility considerations into every treatment plan when relevant.

Preventing Future Polyp Growth

Preventing future polyp growth involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medical interventions. Women with a history of polyps can reduce their risk of developing new polyps by maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced diet. Avoiding tobacco use and limiting alcohol consumption can also help lower the risk of polyp development. In some cases, medications such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists may be prescribed to help reduce the growth of polyps. Regular check-ups with a doctor and screenings, such as a colonoscopy or hysteroscopy, can help detect polyps early on, making them easier to remove and less likely to become cancerous. By taking these steps, women can reduce their risk of developing polyps and promote overall women’s health.

Why Choose Happiher for Polyp Care?

If you’re looking for polyp diagnosis or removal in London, Happiher offers:

• Private consultations in a supportive, discreet environment

• Same-week access to advanced diagnostic imaging

• Expertise in hysteroscopic and minimally invasive polyp removal

• Fertility-preserving surgical techniques

• Care at leading London hospitals: Chelsea & Westminster, The Lister, and The Wellington

At Happiher, we prioritize women's health by offering comprehensive care for various conditions, including polyps.

We prioritise fast, accurate diagnosis and gentle, effective treatment — so you can feel reassured and well cared for.

Final Thoughts

If you’ve been diagnosed with a polyp or are experiencing abnormal bleeding, don’t ignore it or assume it’s just part of getting older. Prompt evaluation and expert treatment can ease symptoms, protect your health, and support your fertility if needed.

At Happiher, we’re here to listen, guide, and care for you at every step.