Period pain (Dysmenorrhoea)

Period Pain (Dysmenorrhoea): Understanding Your Symptoms and Finding Relief

For many women, period pain (dysmenorrhea) is part of life — but when the pain becomes severe, overwhelming, or starts interfering with daily activities, it’s time to seek support.

While period pain is common, certain conditions like endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease can lead to significant complications.

At Happiher, we believe women shouldn’t have to simply “put up” with debilitating periods. As a private gynaecologist in London, I help women find the causes of their period pain and develop effective, personalised treatments to ease symptoms and restore quality of life.

Introduction to Period Pain

Period pain, also known as dysmenorrhoea (painful menstrual periods), is a common condition that affects many women during their menstrual cycle. It is characterised by painful periods, which can range from mild to severe pain in the lower abdomen. The pain can start before or during the menstrual period and can last for several days. Period pain happens when your womb tightens during your period. In some cases, period pain can be a sign of an underlying medical condition, such as endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease. Understanding the causes and symptoms of period pain is essential for effective management and treatment.

What Is Dysmenorrhoea?

Dysmenorrhoea is the medical term for painful periods. It refers to cramping, aching, or throbbing pain in the lower abdomen and pelvis that happens just before or during menstruation.

The main symptom of dysmenorrhoea is cramp-like pain in the lower abdomen, which may also radiate to the lower back and legs.

There are two main types:

• Primary dysmenorrhoea: painful periods not linked to another health condition, often starting in adolescence. Primary dysmenorrhoea often occurs in teenagers and women in their 20s.

• Secondary dysmenorrhoea: painful periods caused by an underlying condition, such as endometriosis or fibroids

Both types can be physically and emotionally draining, and both deserve attention.

Types of Dysmenorrhoea

There are two main types of dysmenorrhoea: primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhoea is the most common type and occurs when there is no underlying medical condition causing the pain. It is often characterised by crampy pain in the lower abdomen, which can radiate to the back and thighs. Some women may experience more painful periods due to higher levels of prostaglandins or underlying health conditions. Secondary dysmenorrhoea, on the other hand, is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as endometriosis, fibroids, or pelvic inflammatory disease. This type of dysmenorrhoea can cause more severe pain and other symptoms, such as heavy bleeding and vaginal discharge. Secondary dysmenorrhoea tends to occur in women in their 30s and 40s.

Symptoms of Period Pain

Common symptoms include:

• Cramping or aching pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis

• Pain radiating to the lower back and thighs

• Nausea or vomiting

• Diarrhoea or constipation

• Headaches

• Fatigue or low energy during periods

• Period pain usually lasts for up to 3 days

Individuals experiencing these cramps may feel various symptoms, such as cramping pain in the abdomen and lower back discomfort.

Tracking how you are feeling, both physically and emotionally, during your period can help you better understand and manage these symptoms. Keeping a diary of your period dates and symptoms can help manage period pain.

While mild discomfort can be normal, severe pain that affects your daily life is not something you should have to endure without support.

What Causes Severe Period Pain?

Primary dysmenorrhoea is believed to result from high levels of prostaglandins — chemicals that cause the uterus to contract during menstruation, sometimes too strongly. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers can effectively ease period pain.

Secondary dysmenorrhoea can be caused by underlying conditions, including:

• Endometriosis (tissue similar to the womb lining growing outside the uterus)

• Adenomyosis (endometrial tissue within the uterine wall)

• Fibroids (non-cancerous growths)

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

• Pelvic adhesions (scar tissue from surgery or infection)

Pelvic inflammatory disease can scar your fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Identifying the correct cause is key to choosing the most effective treatment.

When Should You See a Gynaecologist?

You should seek help if:

• Your period pain is severe and limits your activities

• Pain isn’t relieved by regular painkillers

• You develop new or worsening period pain after years of lighter symptoms

• You experience other symptoms like heavy bleeding, irregular periods, or pain during sex

• You’re concerned about fertility or underlying health issues

Your healthcare provider may recommend tests, such as ultrasounds or internal examinations, to diagnose the underlying causes of your period pain.

Consulting a healthcare provider can help rule out complications associated with underlying conditions like endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease.

At Happiher, we offer prompt, private consultations to fully investigate persistent or severe period pain.

How Is Dysmenorrhoea Diagnosed?

Diagnosis usually involves a detailed history and, if needed, investigations to rule out underlying causes.

It is important to talk about your symptoms with your healthcare provider to facilitate better understanding and support.

At Happiher, diagnosis may include:

• Consultation about menstrual cycles, pain pattern, and overall health

• Pelvic examination (only if appropriate and comfortable for you)

• Pelvic ultrasound to assess the uterus and ovaries

• MRI scan if conditions like deep endometriosis are suspected

• Laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) for definitive diagnosis in complex cases

• Internal examination to assess the womb and pelvis for possible causes of painful periods

The goal is always to find the root cause, not just manage symptoms superficially.

Treatment Options for Period Pain

At Happiher, treatment is tailored to you, based on whether your pain is primary or secondary and your personal health goals. It is important to discuss treatment options with a healthcare provider to find the most effective approach for managing period pain.

Aside from general pain relief options, there are other types of medications that may require a prescription from a doctor.

Options include:

Medical Management

• Anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., ibuprofen) to reduce prostaglandin production. Taking anti-inflammatory medications as soon as the pain begins can help alleviate symptoms effectively. Some women prefer not to use medication and instead opt for devices like the TENS machine.

• Hormonal treatments (the contraceptive pill, progestogen therapies, hormonal IUS like Mirena)

• Newer therapies targeting pain and inflammation pathways

Surgical Options

• Laparoscopic surgery for treating underlying conditions like endometriosis or fibroids

• For some women, the severity and frequency of menstrual cramps may decrease after giving birth.

• Robotic-assisted surgery for precision and minimally invasive recovery

Dr Kaur is highly experienced in minimally invasive and robotic-assisted gynaecological surgery, providing expert care with reduced recovery times.

Holistic Approaches

• Pelvic physiotherapy for muscular tension and pain management

• Nutritional support and stress management strategies

• Acupuncture or complementary therapies for symptom relief

• Application of heat to the tummy using a hot water bottle to alleviate discomfort during menstrual cycles

• A warm bath or shower can help ease period pain

Some periods can be significantly worse than others, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach to pain management.

Often, combining medical and holistic approaches gives the best long-term results.

Alternative Therapies

Lifestyle Changes to Ease Period Pain

Making lifestyle changes can help ease period pain and improve overall women’s health. Some effective ways to manage period pain include exercising regularly, such as yoga or swimming, and applying heat to the lower abdomen using a hot water bottle. Gentle exercise like yoga, swimming, walking or cycling can alleviate period pain. A healthy diet and avoiding triggers, such as caffeine and alcohol, can also help reduce symptoms. Additionally, getting enough sleep and practicing relaxation techniques, such as meditation or deep breathing, can help reduce stress and alleviate pain. By incorporating these lifestyle changes into daily activities, women can better manage their period pain and improve their quality of life.

Contraceptive Options

Certain contraceptive options can help alleviate period pain. For example, combined hormonal contraceptives, such as the pill or patch, can help reduce menstrual cramps and bleeding. The intrauterine system (IUS) is another effective option, which releases a progestogen hormone that helps thin the lining of the uterus, reducing bleeding and pain. Other progestogen contraceptives, such as the implant or injection, can also help manage period pain. Discussing treatment options with a doctor can help women determine the best contraceptive method for managing a painful period. Discussing treatment options with a doctor can help women determine the best contraceptive method for their individual needs.

Living with Period Pain

Chronic period pain can impact more than your body — it can affect your work, your social life, your mental health, and your relationships.

These pains can vary in severity and duration, often impacting daily activities.

Severe period pain can significantly impact daily activities, including attending school, work, and social engagements.

You deserve more than quick fixes or being told “it’s just part of being a woman.” At Happiher, we treat your experience with the seriousness and empathy it deserves.

Seeking Support

If period pain is severe or interferes with daily activities, it is essential to seek support from a healthcare provider. A doctor can help diagnose the underlying cause of the pain and recommend effective treatments. In some cases, further testing, such as an ultrasound scan, may be necessary to rule out underlying medical conditions. Women should not hesitate to discuss their symptoms and concerns with their doctor, as there are many effective treatments available to manage period pain. By seeking support and working with a healthcare provider, women can find relief from painful periods and improve their overall health and well-being.

Staying Informed

Staying informed about women’s health and painful periods is crucial for managing symptoms and seeking proper treatment. One of the best ways to stay informed is by maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider. Regular check-ups and discussions about your symptoms can help you stay on top of your health and catch any potential issues early.

Reading reputable online sources and medical journals can also provide valuable information about the causes and treatments of painful periods. Understanding the role of prostaglandins and the muscular wall of the uterus in causing menstrual cramps can help you make informed decisions about your treatment options.

Joining support groups, either online or in-person, can offer emotional support and practical advice from other women who are experiencing similar issues. These groups can be a great resource for learning about new treatments and coping strategies.

It’s essential to understand the different types of painful periods, including primary dysmenorrhoea and secondary dysmenorrhoea, and the various treatment options available. By staying informed, you can take control of your health and make decisions that are best for you.

Understanding the relationship between painful periods and other medical conditions, such as endometriosis, fibroids, and pelvic inflammatory disease, can help you identify potential underlying causes of your symptoms. This knowledge can empower you to seek appropriate treatment and improve your quality of life.

Why Choose Happiher for Period Pain Treatment?

If you’re looking for a period pain specialist in London, Happiher offers:

• Private consultations with a focus on listening and understanding

• Comprehensive diagnosis and tailored treatment plans

• Expertise in managing both primary and secondary causes of period pain

• Minimally invasive and robotic-assisted surgical options when needed

• Care that is supportive, discreet, and centred on you

We encourage you to talk about your symptoms and concerns to facilitate better understanding and support.

Happiher is dedicated to providing comprehensive care for women’s health, including the management of period pain and associated conditions.

Our clinics are conveniently located at Chelsea & Westminster, The Lister, and The Wellington Hospital.

Conclusion

In conclusion, painful periods are a common experience for many women and can be caused by various factors, including prostaglandins, uterine contractions, and underlying medical conditions such as endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease. While some women may experience mild symptoms, others may suffer from severe period pain, intense pain, and other symptoms that can disrupt daily activities.

Fortunately, there are various treatment options available, including over-the-counter pain relievers, prescription medications, and alternative therapies. By understanding the causes of painful periods, staying informed about women’s health, and discussing treatment options with a healthcare provider, women can take control of their symptoms and improve their quality of life.

It’s essential to remember that painful periods are not just a normal part of the menstrual cycle but can also be a sign of an underlying medical condition. If you’re experiencing severe period pain, heavy bleeding, or other symptoms, don’t hesitate to discuss treatment with your doctor. Simple home remedies, such as using a hot water bottle, can also help ease period pain.

Additionally, if you have a history of certain conditions, such as cervical stenosis or noncancerous growths, it’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment. By prioritising women’s health and seeking proper care, women can manage their symptoms and live a healthier, happier life.

Final Thoughts

Period pain should not be something you simply endure. With the right investigation and expert care, effective relief is possible — and you can regain comfort, confidence, and control over your life.

At Happiher, we’re here to listen, diagnose thoroughly, and support you with compassion and expertise.